GIS is a computer-based information system that performs the activities of capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing and displaying both spatial and non-spatial data in order to solve complex research, planning and management problems. It is a system of hardware and software that performs the abovementioned activities on the information about the areas of the earth.

Purpose of the Global Information System (GIS)
The four main purposes of GIS modern survey is:
1. Support for general research
2. Collection, manipulation, and utilization of spatial data in database management
3. Standardization and customization of cartographic production
4. Supports the decision-making process based on spatial data.
The fourth purpose can be explained by an example, where the engineering geologist evaluates the slope stability conditions of the area through GIS in order to decide a new and best route.